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Nachiket S. Dighe ¹, Shashikant R. Pattan ², Sanjay B. Bhawar ³, Santosh B. Dighe ², Mayur S. Bhosale ⁴, Vishal B. Tambe ², Vinayak M. Gaware ², Mangesh B. Hole ², Sapana M. Nagare ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pravara Rural College of Pharmacy, Pravaranagar A/P- Loni Bk. Taluka-Rahata, Dist-Ahmednagar 413736, (MS), IN
2 Department Of Medicinal Chemistry, Pravara Rural College Of Pharmacy, Pravaranagar, M.S., IN
3 Department of Pharmacology, Pravara Rural College of Pharmacy, Pravaranagar, M.S., IN
4 Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Pravara Rural College of Pharmacy, Pravaranagar, M.S., IN
5 Department Of Medicinal Chemistry, Pravara Rural College Of Pharmacy,Pravaranagar, M.S., IN

Abstract

Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is a disease caused by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii which is spread to humans by ticks. Symptoms include the sudden onset of fever, headache and muscle pain followed by the development of a rash. In the laboratory, rickettsiae cannot be cultivated on agar plates or in broth, but only in viable eukaryotic host cells. Rocky Mountain spotted fever and Mediterranean spotted fever are rickettsial infections primarily of endothelial cells that normally have a potent anticoagulant function. As a result of endothelial cell infection and injury, the hemostatic system is perturbed and shows changes that vary widely from a minor reduction in the platelet count to severe coagulopathies, such as deep venous thrombosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Animals probably become infected by aerosol and by the bite of any of the 40 species of ticks that carry the organisms. From the portal of entry in the skin, rickettsiae spread via the bloodstream to infect the endothelium and sometimes the vascular smooth muscle cells, brain, lungs, heart, kidneys, liver, gastrointestinal tract and other organs. Rickettsia species enter their target cells, multiply by binary fission in the cytosol and damage heavily parasitized cells directly. The target cells are macrophages in the lungs, liver, bone marrow, spleen, heart valves and other organs. Clinico-epidemiologic diagnosis is ultimately a matter of suspicion. Empirical treatment and later laboratory confirmation gives specific diagnosis. Some laboratories are able to identify rickettsiae by immunohistology in skin biopsies as a timely, acute diagnostic procedure, but to establish the diagnosis; physicians usually rely on serologic demonstration of the development of antibodies to rickettsial antigens in serum collected after the patient has recovered. Currently, assays that demonstrate antibodies to rickettsial antigens themselves are preferable to the nonspecific, insensitive Weil-Felix test that is based on the crossreactive antigens of OX-19 and OX-2 strains. Tetracycline, Doxycycline and chloramphenicol are the drugs of choice for treatment. Control of the tick population on the property, keeping pets tick-free are some measures to control the disease.

Keywords

Black Measles, Chloramphenicol, Rickettsia, Tetracycline.

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Shashikant R. Pattan ¹, Nachiket S. Dighe ², H. V. Shinde ¹, Deepak S. Musmade ¹, Mangesh B. Hole ¹, Vinayak M. Gaware ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pravara Rural College of Pharmacy, Pravaranagar, 413736 (MS), IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pravara Rural College of Pharmacy, Pravaranagar A/P- Loni Bk. Taluka -Rahata, Dist-Ahmednagar 413736, IN

Abstract

The present review article on Umpolung chemistry is to significantly facilitate organic synthesis by the implementation of new concepts for catalysis. We focus on the recent development of N- heterocyclic carbenes mediated organic reaction and its implementation to the synthesis of heterocycles of biological importance.

Keywords

Umpolung, N-Heterocyclic Carbenes, Organomettalic Catalyst.

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Ravindra B. Saudagar ¹, Nachiket S. Dighe ², Deepak S. Musmade ³, Vinayak M. Gaware ⁴, D. A. Jain ⁵

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R.G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Nashik, M.S., IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pravara Rural College of Pharmacy, Loni-413736, MS, IN
3 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kopargaon, MS, IN
4 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Chincholi, MS, IN
5 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Bhagwant University, Ajmer, Rajasthan, IN

Abstract

Selective estrogen receptor modulators are the class of a chemical compounds acting on a estrogen receptors. These are selectively inhibit or stimulate the estrogen like actions in various tissues. SERMs play a key role in breast cancer chemoprevention. These agents antagonize estrogens in some tissues and mimic their action in others. The mechanism for tissue selectivity appears to be related to differences in their molecular and three-dimensional structures, which affect the transcriptional activity of the activated estrogen receptor. For example, tamoxifen and toremifene act as estrogen antagonists in breast tissue and as estrogen agonists in the endometrium. The present review article is directed towards highlighting the importance of SERMs in treatment of breast cancer.

Keywords

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERM’s), Breast Cancer, Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT).

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Shashikant R. Pattan ¹, Nachiket S. Dighe ¹, Deepak S. Musmade ¹, Vinayak M. Gaware ¹, S. G. Jadhav ¹, Medha A. Khade ¹, S. N. Hiremath ²

Affiliations
1 Pravara Rural College of Pharmacy, Pravaranagar, A/P-Loni Bk-413736, Tal Rahata, Dist Ahmednagar, (MS), IN
2 College of Pharmacy, Chincholi, Nashik, M.S., IN

Abstract

A new series of benzopyrone derivatives were synthesized and the structure of these compounds was established on the basis of spectral data. The title compounds were evaluated for antidiabetic activity. Some of these compounds have shown excellent antidiabetic activity.

Keywords

Benzopyrone, Antidiabetic, CHN Analysis.

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